Showing posts with label palliative care. Show all posts
Showing posts with label palliative care. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 23, 2018

Take care of your Nephrologists; a burnout in the making

Burnout is evident in all fields of medicine. Nephrology is no exception.
Check out the rankings of where we fall in that


Recently, CJASN published 3 articles highlighting this important part of our lives –both attending and fellowship related.  


The issue of physician burnout is important. As the US population grows and ages, the number of physicians needed to care for them increases. When burnout leads physicians to reduce or cease their practice altogether, patient access to medical care is diminished. Moreover, burnt-out physicians are likely to be less productive, make more mistakes, and generally deliver a lower quality of care than their fully engaged colleagues. Finally, physicians are human beings too, and their suffering should summon no less compassion and concern than anyone else's.

As both authors point out, sick patients, urgent calls, complex cases, midnight phone calls all can add to distress and burnout in nephrology- but for the matter of fact- this is true in many fields in medicine and not specific to nephrology. Toxic learning environments and toxic hospital/institution models can make this problem worse.  Work related stress compounded with family and personal matters can lead to significant burnout in a fellow or attending in practice. While the three articles discuss burnout in details and where and why it might exists, the solutions offered are not very specific to nephrology.

For the attending level burnout, there are multiple hidden causes that are always hard to bring to the forefront:- RVU madness, compensation structure,  disgruntled faculty, inefficient systems in which we work to name a few. If not tackled in a timely fashion, burnout and fatigue can take form of severe depression and lead to high suicide rates.  I just saw this recent post in KevinMd about a young female doctor committing suicide and this post of a survivor.
Pamela Wible, MD nicely states this “The patriarchal reductionist medical model (the basis of Western meded) is dehumanizing by nature. Add more expensive technology & higher throughput with no emotional support and it is a mental health catastrophe for medical students and physicians who sadly are too often valued primarily for their revenue generating capacity per second.”  Check out this film on physician suicide.  One of the commenters nicely put it as  “ is it the strain from the system, sicker patients or retired doctors and the medical business operation”
While organization and structural interventions are needed to reduce burnout in attendings, how do we do that in nephrology?
We need to come up with practical solutions at each institution/division level to help with this.
Some suggestions as I brainstorm but this conversation has to go on – to save our physicians, to save our trainees and to save our patients. A happier physician leads to a safer and happier patient.
1.      Allow for flexibility in work hours to be more productive- as long as the work gets done- why does it have to be 7AM-5Pm?
2.      Use the hospitalists model of division of work- few focus on inpatient rotation and use a buddy system to have someone in the outpatient complete your outpatient dialysis encounters- work better as a team.
3.      Allow for childcare to exists at the premises of the Division or department level to make it possible for some parents to do work and not worry about their kids.
4.      Efficiency goes with loyalty as well- both should be weighed equally and not one over other in terms of promotion.
5.      If you are seeing patients in multiple dialysis units- can that be consolidated to 1-2 units to allow for less driving time- or if many partners in our practice- divide by region and be more efficient about it. This might lead to better patient care as you can spend more time with each patient.
6.      Meanwhile, ASN and NKF and RPA need to step up to discuss our reimbursements as nephrologists. We take care of a sick group of patients. We are thinkers of medicine and come up sometimes with the diagnosis that many physicians have missed. Nephrologists are considered one of the smartest physicians in the hospital- It’s about time American recognizes to pay someone for their THINKING and thoughtful care and not just for Procedures. Lobbying for higher reimbursement is needed for help in this state of physician burnout in nephrology.

Here is a guide I found on line regarding burnout in medicine

At the end we must remember this important point regarding being a physician:


“At their core, good physicians are not mere moneymakers. Good physicians are professionals. And though today we often forget it, being a professional means more than merely getting paid for what we do. The more we treat physicians as though they were self-interested money grubbers, the more we de-professionalize them. And a de-professionalized physician is inevitably a demoralized and burnt-out one. We must begin early in medical education to help medical students and residents and fellows explore and connect with a sense of calling to the profession. Even late in their careers, physicians need to recall that they are summoned to something older, larger, and nobler than themselves. They must never forget that a career in medicine represents one of life's greatest opportunities to become fully human through service to others.”

Thursday, October 17, 2013

Promoting Palliative care in ESRD

A recent article in CJASN promotes 5 policies that are essential to provide good palliative care in ESRD.

1. Universal screening for palliative care(PC) needs:  How can this be done? Questionnaires and screening tools. One such example is the surprise question tool.

2. Incorporate PC measures in ESRD QIP: The advance care planning and documentation of code status can be a start. What has been done thus far has not touched PC.

3. Train the nephrology workforce to deliver PC: This is the most essential piece. With the current fellowship structure, is this possible? Are the faculty in major academic centers even comfortable? Lot of work to be done in this area. A recent study showed that PC experience of renal fellows is very poor.

4. Payment reform for PC services: Incentive always works

5. Fund PC research: Hope this will also happen as well.

The last two policies will only work when big health systems and medical schools promote the science of palliative care. It's about time sub specialists train in PC irrespective of their specialty- cardiology, GI, heme/onc, critical care or renal.


Monday, October 7, 2013

IN THE NEWS: Conservative management in CKD, and no dialysis

A recent study published in a non nephrology journal highlights a critical point that is often missed by nephrologists. Although there is data coming out from prior studies that conservative management might be better for certain groups of patients then offering dialysis, more studies need to confirm this. This study is a retrospective observational study that looked at conservative management vs offering dialysis.


Some key points

1. The renal replacement therapy group survived for longer when survival was taken from the time estimated glomerular filtration rate at different GFRs.
2. When factors influencing survival were stratified for both groups independently, renal replacement therapy failed to show a survival advantage over conservative management, in patients older than 80 years or with a World Health Organization performance score of 3 or more. 
3. Acute hospitalizations were more in the RRT arm
4.Seventy-six percent of the conservative management group accessed community palliative care services compared to 0% of renal replacement therapy patients ( THIS is a striking number).


http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nep.12064/abstract
ASN had a series of videos on this topic as well.
Finally, a nice blog post on GeriPal on this topic on HD patients.
Image source: www.gloryhpc.com

Friday, August 16, 2013

Frail Renal Phenotype

Frailty in the elderly or any patient leading towards ESRD is a tough combination. Renal physicians should not consider dialysis as the de facto treatment for all patients and in certain patients that meet some frailty criteria, perhaps non dialysis modalities with multi team approach and renal palliative care might be better options. Recent article in CJASN explores the Frail Renal Phenotype

1. Karnofsky score <50( requires special care)
2. Older age compared 80-84 : 85-89 years
3. Presence of geriatric factors and syndromes: Dementia, non ambulatory status, positive frailty test, low serum albumin, symptom burden that is high.
4. " Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next year?" answer being No
5. Low survival probability by comorbid scores, hemodialysis mortality index, and nursing four chronic conditions and nursing home patient.

Take a look at the full article at CJASN 2013

Wednesday, December 5, 2012

Communication Skills Training for Dialysis Decision-Making and End-of-Life Care in Nephrology


Communication is an essential component of nephrology care, yet nephrologists receive little training in communication. We developed a communication workshop for nephrology fellows, NephroTalk, to address common communication topics encountered including:  giving a diagnosis; discussing the risks and benefits of treatment options; and addressing end-of-life decision-making, especially in elderly, medically complex patients. Our curriculum, modeled after OncoTalk a successful communication skills program for oncology fellows, was comprised of didactic and practice sessions with simulated patients and nephrology cases.

The workshop consisted of one-half day divided into two sessions. Sessions addressed common communication scenarios in nephrology: delivering bad news and defining goals of care when the patient is doing poorly. For each session, an overview presentation highlighted the skills to be practiced including a faculty demonstration of the skills. After each overview presentation, fellows were divided into small groups each led by a facilitator for skills practice using standardized patients. For each practice session, the facilitator followed a reflective process-oriented framework that focused on identifying the practicing fellow’s goal and providing the tools to accomplish this goal.

The skills taught included the following: giving information using Ask-Tell-Ask; recognizing and responding to emotion using the NURSE acronym; open-ended questions to elicit care goals and end-of-life preferences; and using “wish” statements to respond to unrealistic goals.

Twenty-two fellows participated in the workshop from University of Pittsburgh and Duke University. We measured perceived preparedness using pre- and post- workshop surveys. Overall, perceived preparedness following training increased for all communication challenges including; delivering bad news, expressing empathy, and discussing dialysis initiation and withdrawal. Fellows rated the course highly and recommended it to other fellows. Qualitative comments highlighted how the training would impact future practice: “Listen more intently, limit use of medical terminology further, give patients more opportunity to express feelings.”

NephroTalk is an interactive communication workshop to enhance nephrology fellow communication skills using didactics and practice sessions to address common communication tasks in nephrology. From this work, future direction would involve disseminating our curriculum to other institutions and enhancing the education of nephrology educators and attendings. 

For the a full article on this, check out: 

Special post by
Jane Schell MD


Thursday, July 12, 2012

The "surprise" question in Nephrology

"Would I be surprised if this patient died in the next year?" is the surprise question. This notion has made way into the palliative care and nephrology world thanks to it's introduction by Dr.Alvin Moss. Recent news has mentioned this concept as well. A study published in CJASN in 2008 showed that the answer to this question was more predictive of identifying sicker patients on dialysis who have a risk of early mortality and need for palliative care consults.  In this study, the group that answered "no" to the question had higher mortality, older patients and more co morbid conditions.  The surprise question predicted status at 1 year better than age, time on dialysis, gender, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and quality of life scores. Given this surprising simple question as a good screening tool, many other fields of medicine such as pulmonary and oncology have embraced this technique. These studies tell us that the most important is learning how to assess the patient's prognosis.  A touchcalc program utilizes this method in the mortality calculation as well. Please review the RPA summary on palliative care for dialysis patients and shared decision making.

Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Less is more: Nephrology point of view

To dialyze or not to dialyze is the question that we face sometimes in the elderly and AKI in severe sepsis or cancer with no chance of recovery. What is the evidence that dailysis is going to prolong life or give a quality of life in these individuals? Sometimes we feel that we have to offer something. Offering "no dialysis" should also be an option.  It all depends on the medical issues involved and overall prognosis, a combined team decision involving all members involved including patient or family might be needed. A recent CJASN attending rounds issue discusses the dialysis question in AKI with metastatic cancer with poor prognosis in the ICU.  Dr Moss takes the readers to a  7 step process of how to ethically make a decision that is optimal for patient care. The four topics that are extremely important are: Medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life and contextual features. Now, perhaps in some countries, economics might even play a larger role. A recent Newsweek article also shares a similar story of the costs involved in end of life care for a loved one in USA.
A shared decision making algorithm as proposed by Moss's article should be a must read for all.
Why is that nephrologist are not comfortable in not offering aggressive therapy? How do they compare to their counterparts in oncology, cardiology, and critical care?  Is it their medical school training, residency training or fellowship experiences? We must answer these questions to better improve training of nephrologist and make them better equipped to handle palliative decision making.  Please take our survey on this topic if you are a fellow in training. A similar survey being performed for program directors and fellows on hospice as well, please take that as well.

Other articles to consider for a read on this topic
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896833
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601331

Thursday, May 10, 2012

IN the NEWS: Intensive treatment during end of life for dialysis patients?



Type of careDialysis patientsCancer patients
Hospitalization76.0%61.3%
Average number of days hospitalized9.85.1
Intensive care unit48.9%24.0%
Average number of days in ICU3.51.3
Ventilator, feeding tube or CPR29.0%9.0%
Hospice20.0%55.0%
In-hospital death44.8%29.0%
This is a table just seen in a recent article in Archives of Internal medicine on intensity of treatment at the end of life in older adults receiving long term dialysis.  It is an interesting comparison of cancer patients to dialysis patients and one notices that while cancer patients are sick, dialysis patients are sicker and have a higher mortality. Hospitalizations are more, average length of stay and even average intensive care stays are higher. Hospice is rarely offered or chosen in dialysis patients. Check out a post regarding this topic recently as well. Part of this is perhaps Nephrologists are not comfortable offering end of life care to the elderly sick patients during their end of life. Forgoing dialysis is hard for the practicing Nephrologists. 
Are our Nephrologists in training comfortable in dealing with end of life issues and providing "No dialysis" in the right circumstance. 
And how are they compare to their counterparts in cardiology, oncology, and critical care? 
We don't know. 
For that, we have created a survey for our fellows to take. Please pass this along to all nephrology fellows you know as this is very important question to answer.

Tuesday, April 3, 2012

Palliative Care Experience of US Fellows Survey




Not offering renal replacement therapy might not be an easy task. Withdrawing therapy when appropriate also might not be easy. Are our fellows comfortable in doing this? Are even the fellows in cardiology, gastroenterology, and other specialty training comfortable not offering aggressive therapy. 



We are conducting the Palliative Care Experience of US Internal Medicine Subspecialty Fellows SurveyBy completing this anonymous online survey, you consent to participate in this research project. This survey will help us understand the palliative care experience of current US internal medicine subspecialty fellows during their residency and fellowship training. This survey will take approximately 5-10 minutes. Your help is greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time and participation.
Here is the link to the survey:


https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/fellowspalliative


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