Concept Map: Lithium and the Kidney

Topic Discussion: Intravenous Fluids and the Kidney

Specific fluid	Fluid Type	Effect on the kidney	Evidence
Lactate Ringers	Crystalloid	None	SMART  and SALT-ED trial, NEJM 2018 and SPLIT trial JAMA 2015
0.9% Saline	Crystalloid	? more metabolic acidosis, ?AKI	SMART and SALT-ED trial, NEJM 2018 and SPLIT trial JAMA 2015
Albumin	Colloid	None to our knowledge	SAFE study, FEAST study
Hydroxyethyl starch	Colloid	Bad, AKI, osmotic nephrosis leading to more RRT	Perner et al, NEJM 2012
Pentastarch( low molecular weight Hydroxyethyl starch)	Colloid	Bad, AKI, osmotic nephrosis leading to more RRT	VISEP study NEJM 2008
Dextrand	Colloid	Bad, AKI, osmotic nephrosis	First described by Mailloux et al,  NEJM 1967
PlasmaLyte	Crystalloid	None	Shaw et al, Ann Surg 2012